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Sunday, January 23, 2011

The Big Bang “Infinitely Regressive?” – A Quantum Mechanical Answer

Following from the last Post . This gives me an opportunity to describe at this point how Quantum Mechanics effectively gives an explanation for this Infinite range of choices that the singularity has, to have arisen out of nothing. Quantum mechanics is that fundamental science that incorporates within its solution every possible choice of outcomes (therefore an infinite number of choices) within a single experiment. Therefore it is the most mathematically apt and technically sound subject to define such a problem as we have mentioned in the last post. Since it is a clearly established subject with over 80 years of confirmed experiments as I understand. We shall use its equations directly.
Consider the simple equation in relation to the very famous Science dude of all time Heisenberg and his famous Uncertainty Principle. Its follows mathematically
The Inflationary Model Showing Quantum Fluctuations 


dE.dt >= h/(2pi)

E = Energy
h = Planck’s Constant ,6.623 x10-34

 
Infinitesimal (extremely small) amounts of Energy dE can arise into existence for extremely short period of time dt,  it is a quantum phenomenon called “Quantum fluctuation” of the vacuum. It allows the creation of particle-antiparticle pairs of virtual particles from vacuum. We now know that vacumm is not "empty" but it is actually a mass of activity with particle-antiparticle pairs being repeatedly produced out of the vacuum and immediately annihilating themselves into nothingness again. The creation of a particle-antiparticle pair out of the vacuum  violates the principle of Conservation of Energy but The Heisenberg uncertainty principle allows this to occur for a very limited period of time dt. This phenomenon has observable and measurable consequences, which have been tested and confirmed. Laboratory experiments have proven that quantum fluctuations occur everywhere, all the time . It is also responsible for the highly debated BLACK HOLE RADIATION.
Next within the framework of the BIG BANG, a period  of inflation occurs , INFLATION is the theorized extremely rapid exponential expansion of the early universe by a factor of at least 1078 in volume, driven by a negative-pressure vacuum energy density (repulsive side of gravity arising from General Relativity). It lasted from 10−36 seconds after the Big Bang to sometime between 10−33 and 10−32 seconds. Following the inflationary period, the universe continues to expand. Now Consider the following steps in the above equation .
1. The Value of h/(2pi) = 1.0546 x 10-34
2. For infinitesimal value of  dt= 1 x10-34
3.The Resulting Value of  dE = 1.054
Now we know that Gravitational energy is a negative quantity. You can see this by realizing that in order to separate two objects, one has to overcome the attractive gravitational force and this requires one to supply positive energy from outside and its counterpart the Positive energy is represented by the matter we see around us .
“One can show that this negative gravitational energy exactly cancels the positive energy represented by the matter. So the total energy of the universe is zero.”
I quote STEPHEN HAWKING from his book  “A Brief History of Time”
For above Refinements in the calculation would give the exact value of dE=0 ( approximately equal to zero) .Which thus results in a simple conclusion that the Entire Universe is nothing but a quantum fluctuation whose energy is zero and an expansion has taken place by a factor of at least 1078 in volume during the Inflationary phase. Hence the combined total being zero .This completely satisfies that the entire universe is nothing but a random quantum fluctuation whose probability of expansion was higher than usual resulting in the OBSERVABLE UNIVERSE arising out of quantum mechanics. These principles of QM could be applied only because of the infinitesimal (extremely small) order of size of the singular entity that banged. Also within the equation if we were to place in the values of energy approximately equal to zero . To retain the value of h/(2pi) (a Constant ) an input of time equal to approximately the current age of the universe could be deduced.
Conclusively no energy was required to "create" the universe. The zero total energy of the universe is an observational fact, within measured uncertainties. What is more, this is also a prediction of inflationary phase of the Big Bang Theory, which we have seen has now been strongly supported by observations. Thus we can safely say,
No violation of energy conservation occurred if the universe arose out of an initial vacuum of zero energy and the universe came from "nothing" and will probably lead into "nothing" .

Kindly Leave comments as to how clear the presented concept is .
Thanks in anticipation.

4 comments:

  1. This one is by far the most appreciable concept you've put across.
    Again,due to my limited knowledge of the modern sciences at the moment, there's still time before I perfectly understood your theory here. And perhaps find answers to the questions that my learning still limits.

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  2. Kanika : Its not nearly as complex as people think it to be as...just really well thought and connected concepts... all we need to do is keep track of it ..Thanks for your comment. And since learning is a never ending process our learning always limits :)

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  3. 1) Is dt the amount of time that a system takes to have dE energy change?
    2) Gravitational energy + matter energy =0. But this does not mean that dE=0 na? It means E=0.
    Please explain me

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  4. From where can i get proof of Heisenbergs uncertainity principle which i can understand? Am 3rd year EIE student. Help me

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